Effective dose permitted

The effective dose is the weighted sum of equivalent doses in tissues and organs of the body from internal and external irradiation. In the European Union, Directive 96/29/EURATOM effective dose limits for workers exposed to 100 mSv over a period of five consecutive years, with a maximum effective dose of 50 mSv in any year, and there are other specific limits of equivalent dose specific body areas, such as the lens, the skin or extremities, as well as specific limits for pregnant or lactating. For audience members, the effective dose limit is 1 mSv per year, although special circumstances can afford a value higher effective dose in a single year, provided they do not exceed 5 mSv in five consecutive years . In the case of intervention (radiological emergency), however, these limits do not apply. Instead it is recommended that where actions can be planned, run some benchmarks.In these cases the proceedings begin when the dose to the public can exceed 10 mSv in two days (stay in buildings). As workers will try that the dose they receive is always less than the annual limit, unless urgent action (rescuing people, situations that would prevent a high dose to a large number of people, prevent catastrophic situations). In these cases an effort will not exceed twice the dose limit in one year (100 mSv), except when it comes to saving lives, where they will work to keep doses below 10 times the limit (500 mSv ). Employees who participate in actions that could achieve this level of 500 mSv should be informed and to volunteer. The effective dose is a cumulative dose. Continuous exposure to ionizing radiation is considered over a year and takes into account weighting factors which depend on the organ irradiated and the type of radiation involved.The effective dose allowed for a worker to work with ionizing radiation (eg in a nuclear plant or at a medical center) is 100 mSv in a period of 5 years, unable in any case exceed 50 mSv in a single year. For people who do not work with ionizing radiation in the limit is 1 mSv per year. These values are set above the natural background (which on average is 2.4 mSv per year worldwide). The differences in the limits between workers and others are due to the workers receive a direct benefit from the existence of the industry in which they work, and therefore assume greater risk than people who do not receive direct benefit. For that reason, are set for students, limits somewhat higher than those of the people who work with ionizing radiation but less so for people who work with ionizing radiation. For them it sets a limit of 6 mSv in a year.Moreover, these limits are based on certain assumptions, such as the linear no-threshold behavior of the health effects of ionizing radiation (LNT model). From this model, based on experimental measurements (large groups of people exposed to radiation, as the survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki) of emergence of cancers, risk limits are considered acceptable agreed with international bodies like the ILO, and since those limits are calculated resulting effective dose. See also: linear no-threshold model